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Middle East / Pakistan–GCC Cross-Border

A Gulf structure has Pakistan tax consequences. We see both ends of the transaction.

Entity structuring, transfer pricing, group consolidation and profit repatriation for Pakistani groups with a Saudi Arabia or UAE entity.

Advisers who see only one end of a cross-border structure optimise one end of it. A holding decision made on the Gulf side has Pakistan tax consequences; a repatriation route decided on the Pakistan side has Gulf implications. We work both sides of the same file, on one coordinated calendar.

Talk to a Partner See what we handle →
IWhere we come in

The situations that bring cross-border clients here

We're deciding whether to set up a branch, subsidiary or holding structure in the Gulf.

Entity and holding-structure options, weighed against their Pakistan tax consequences before anything is registered.

We have related-party transactions between our Pakistan and Gulf entities.

Transfer pricing documentation built to satisfy both tax authorities, not just one.

Our group has entities on both sides and consolidation is getting complicated.

Group consolidation where a GCC entity sits above or below a Pakistan entity.

We have intercompany or shareholder loans crossing the border.

Fair valuation under IFRS 9, on both sides of the transaction.

We need to repatriate profits between the Gulf and Pakistan.

Profit repatriation, forex and SBP compliance mapped before funds move, not after.

Our Pakistan and Gulf entities report on different calendars and it's become a headache.

Coordinated reporting across both jurisdictions, on one calendar.

IIWhat we do

What we handle across the border

One accountable team on both sides of the transaction, rather than a Pakistan adviser and a Gulf adviser who never speak to each other.

01

Entity & Holding Structuring

Entity and holding-structure options for a Gulf expansion, weighed against their Pakistan tax consequences before anything is registered.

  • Entity and holding-structure options
  • Pakistan tax consequences of each option
  • Pakistan–GCC treaty positioning
02

Transfer Pricing

Documentation for related-party flows between a Pakistan entity and its Gulf counterpart, built to satisfy both tax authorities.

  • Transfer pricing documentation
  • Related-party transaction structuring
  • Benchmarking and policy design
03

Group Consolidation & Instrument Valuation

Consolidation where a GCC entity sits above or below a Pakistan entity, and fair valuation of what sits between them.

  • Group consolidation across jurisdictions
  • Intercompany and shareholder loan fair valuation under IFRS 9
  • Elimination and reporting-package preparation
04

Profit Repatriation & SBP Compliance

Profit repatriation, forex and State Bank of Pakistan compliance mapped before funds move, not after.

  • Profit repatriation planning
  • Forex and SBP compliance
  • Dividend and remittance documentation
05

Coordinated Cross-Border Reporting

Reporting across both jurisdictions run on one calendar, from one accountable team.

  • Coordinated Pakistan and Gulf reporting calendar
  • Group management reporting
  • Audit-ready packages for both sides

Need the Pakistan-only or Gulf-only detail? See the Tax & Regulatory, Financial Instruments & IFRS 9, Saudi Arabia and UAE pages.

IIIHow we work

Why one firm across both ends matters

Related-party pricing, group structure and shareholder loans sit across tax, corporate law and financial reporting. Advisers who only see one end produce a partial answer; one firm produces a position.

Where we stand today

MAC serves GCC clients remotely from Islamabad, with the same team also handling the Pakistan side of the same group. A physical Gulf presence is planned. Where a Gulf-side statutory audit opinion is required, we prepare the file to audit-ready standard and work alongside your licensed local auditor — see the Audit Readiness Support page for how that handoff works.

Middle East enquiries: gcc@mac.org.pk

A cross-border engagement is scoped once, across both entities, rather than as two separate engagements that happen to share a client name. Structuring, transfer pricing, consolidation and repatriation decisions are made with both sides of the ledger in view from the start.

IVCommon questions

Questions we are asked

Do you handle both the Pakistan side and the Gulf side, or do we need two advisers?

One team handles both sides of the same file — structuring, transfer pricing, consolidation and repatriation are scoped together, not as two separate engagements.

Do you hold audit licensing in Saudi Arabia or the UAE?

No. We do not hold SOCPA or UAE Ministry of Economy auditor licensing and do not perform statutory audit in those jurisdictions. Where a Gulf-side audit opinion is required, we prepare the file and your licensed local auditor reviews and signs.

We're still deciding between a branch, subsidiary or holding company in the Gulf. Can you help with that decision?

Yes — we lay out the options and their Pakistan tax consequences before you register anything, rather than after.

Do you prepare transfer pricing documentation, or only advise on policy?

Both — policy design and benchmarking, and the documentation itself, built to satisfy both tax authorities.

Can you help with repatriating profits from a Gulf entity back to Pakistan?

Yes, including the forex and State Bank of Pakistan compliance that goes with it, mapped before funds move.

How do we get in touch about cross-border work specifically?

gcc@mac.org.pk reaches the team directly, or use the contact form below.

Related

Go deeper on one side

Middle East

GCC Overview

How the eleven service lines apply across Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

 Service

Financial Instruments & IFRS 9

Classification, measurement and fair valuation of intercompany and shareholder-loan instruments.

 Service

Tax & Regulatory

Pakistan-side income tax, withholding and transfer pricing compliance.

Let's work together

Ready to talk about your cross-border structure?

Start with a conversation — a partner will tell you what's realistic before anything is scoped. There is no charge for the first one.

Talk to a Partner Explore GCC Overview →
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background:var(--gold);transition:width var(--dur) var(--ease)} .nav-links a:hover,.nav-links a.active{color:#fff} .nav-links a.active::after,.nav-links a:hover::after{width:100%} .nav .btn{padding:11px 20px;font-size:14px} .burger{display:none;background:none;border:0;color:#fff;font-size:24px;cursor:pointer} @media(max-width:1080px){.nav-links{display:none}.burger{display:block}.nav .btn{display:none}} /* Breadcrumb */ .crumb{background:var(--blue-darker);padding:13px 0;font-size:13px;color:var(--n-400)} .crumb a{text-decoration:none} .crumb a:hover{color:var(--gold)} .crumb span{color:#fff} /* Hero — 55vh, deliberately shorter than homepage */ .hero{background:var(--blue-deep);color:#fff;position:relative;overflow:hidden;padding:0} .hero-bg{position:absolute;inset:0; background:radial-gradient(900px 480px at 82% 8%,rgba(20,83,154,.5),transparent 62%), linear-gradient(100deg,var(--blue-deep) 0%,var(--blue-deep) 46%,rgba(10,37,64,.7) 72%,rgba(10,37,64,.45) 100%), repeating-linear-gradient(72deg,rgba(255,255,255,.028) 0 2px,transparent 2px 74px)} .hero-inner{position:relative;padding:var(--s7) 0 var(--s6);max-width:820px} .hero-rule{width:64px;height:2px;background:var(--gold);margin:var(--s3) 0} .hero p.sub{font-size:clamp(17px,1.6vw,20px);line-height:1.55;color:#E4EBF3;font-weight:300; max-width:60ch;margin-bottom:var(--s3)} .hero p.body{color:var(--ink-invert-soft);max-width:62ch;margin-bottom:var(--s4);font-size:16px} .hero-btns{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--s2)} .factstrip{position:relative;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);background:rgba(0,0,0,.22);padding:var(--s3) 0} .factstrip ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--s2) var(--s5);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0; justify-content:space-between} .factstrip li{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase; color:#D8E2ED;white-space:nowrap} @media(max-width:820px){.factstrip ul{justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px var(--s3)} .factstrip li{font-size:11px}} /* At a glance */ .glance{max-width:880px} .glance table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse} .glance th{text-align:left;font-family:var(--body);font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600; letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--n-600); padding:16px 24px 16px 0;vertical-align:top;width:210px;font-weight:600} .glance td{padding:16px 0;font-size:16.5px;color:var(--ink);vertical-align:top} .glance tr{border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100)} .glance tr:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .glance tr:last-child{border-bottom:0} @media(max-width:620px){.glance th{display:block;width:auto;padding:16px 0 4px} .glance td{display:block;padding:0 0 16px}} /* Story */ .story{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.35fr .85fr;gap:var(--s7);align-items:start} @media(max-width:960px){.story{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--s5)}} .story p{max-width:65ch} .quote{border-left:3px solid var(--gold);padding:var(--s2) 0 var(--s2) var(--s4);position:sticky;top:110px} @media(max-width:960px){.quote{position:static}} .quote blockquote{margin:0;font-family:var(--display);font-style:italic;font-weight:400; font-size:24px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--ink)} .quote cite{display:block;margin-top:var(--s3);font-family:var(--body);font-style:normal; font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft)} .quote cite b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-size:15px;font-weight:600} /* Vision / Mission / Belief */ .vmb{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:var(--s3)} @media(max-width:900px){.vmb{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .vmb-card{border:1px solid var(--n-100);border-radius:var(--r);overflow:hidden;background:#fff} .vmb-head{padding:var(--s3) var(--s4);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;color:#fff} .vmb-head h3{color:#fff;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:22px} .vmb-head svg{width:22px;height:22px;stroke:#fff;fill:none;stroke-width:1.8;flex:none} .v-blue{background:var(--blue)} .v-green{background:var(--green)} .v-gold{background:#B18E1B} .vmb-body{padding:var(--s4)} .vmb-body p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:16px;margin:0} .vmb-body .belief{font-family:var(--display);font-size:23px;color:var(--ink); line-height:1.35;margin-bottom:14px} /* Core values */ .values{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:var(--s3)} @media(max-width:1050px){.values{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} @media(max-width:620px){.values{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .value{border-left:2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14);padding:0 0 0 var(--s3); transition:border-color var(--dur),padding-left var(--dur) var(--ease)} .value:hover{border-left-color:var(--gold);padding-left:calc(var(--s3) + 5px)} .value svg{width:26px;height:26px;stroke:var(--gold);fill:none;stroke-width:1.6;margin-bottom:14px} .value h3{color:#fff;font-size:17px;margin-bottom:8px} .value p{color:#C3D2E2;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.6;margin:0} /* Structure */ .tiers{max-width:900px} .tier{border-radius:var(--r);padding:var(--s4) var(--s5);margin-bottom:12px;position:relative; transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)} .tier:hover{transform:translateX(6px)} .t1{background:var(--blue-deep);color:#fff} .t2{background:var(--blue);color:#fff} .t3{background:var(--n-50);border:1px solid var(--n-100)} .tier h3{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:8px} .t1 h3,.t2 h3{color:#fff} .tier p{margin:0;font-size:15.5px} .t1 p,.t2 p{color:rgba(255,255,255,.82)} .t3 p{color:var(--ink-soft)} .tier-label{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase; margin-bottom:10px;display:block} .t1 .tier-label{color:var(--gold)} .t2 .tier-label{color:#CFE3F7} .t3 .tier-label{color:var(--n-600)} .disc{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-top:14px} .disc span{font-size:12.5px;padding:6px 12px;border-radius:3px;background:#fff; border:1px solid var(--n-200);color:var(--ink-soft)} .closing-line{margin-top:var(--s4);font-size:17px;color:var(--ink);max-width:62ch; padding-left:var(--s3);border-left:2px solid var(--gold)} /* Reach */ .reach-map{margin:var(--s5) 0 var(--s6)} .reach-map svg{width:100%;height:190px;overflow:visible} .arc{fill:none;stroke:var(--gold);stroke-width:1.6;stroke-dasharray:1200;stroke-dashoffset:1200; stroke-linecap:round;opacity:.85} .node{fill:var(--n-25);stroke:var(--blue);stroke-width:2} .node-home{fill:var(--gold);stroke:var(--gold)} .mlabel{font-family:var(--body);font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.11em; text-transform:uppercase;fill:var(--ink)} .msub{font-family:var(--body);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.08em;fill:var(--n-400)} .reach{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:var(--s3)} @media(max-width:900px){.reach{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .rcard{border:1px solid var(--n-100);border-top:3px solid var(--blue);border-radius:var(--r); padding:var(--s4);background:#fff;transition:all var(--dur) var(--ease)} .rcard:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(10,37,64,.09)} .rcard.mid{border-top-color:var(--green)} .rcard.last{border-top-color:var(--gold)} .rcard h3{margin-bottom:10px} .rcard p{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0} /* Credentials */ .creds{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:var(--s3)} @media(max-width:900px){.creds{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} @media(max-width:560px){.creds{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .cred{border:1px solid var(--n-100);border-radius:var(--r);padding:var(--s4);text-align:center; transition:all var(--dur) var(--ease)} .cred:hover{transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(10,37,64,.09)} .cred .seal{width:52px;height:52px;border-radius:50%;border:2px solid var(--green); display:grid;place-items:center;margin:0 auto var(--s3);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700; color:var(--green)} .cred h3{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:8px} .cred p{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0} /* Team */ .team{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:var(--s3)} @media(max-width:1000px){.team{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} @media(max-width:560px){.team{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .avatar{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/5;border-radius:var(--r);display:grid;place-items:center; font-family:var(--display);font-size:40px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:var(--s2); position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)} .person:hover .avatar{transform:translateY(-5px)} .avatar::after{content:"HEADSHOT";position:absolute;bottom:10px;left:0;right:0;text-align:center; font-family:var(--body);font-size:8.5px;letter-spacing:.2em;color:rgba(255,255,255,.45)} .a1{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--blue),#0D3C73)} .a2{background:linear-gradient(150deg,var(--green),#337346)} .a3{background:linear-gradient(150deg,#1B4E86,var(--blue-deep))} .a4{background:linear-gradient(150deg,#A88420,var(--gold))} .person h3{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:2px} .person .role{font-size:13px;color:var(--gold);font-weight:600;margin-bottom:8px} .person p{font-size:14px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0;line-height:1.55} /* Closing */ .close-cta{text-align:center;max-width:620px;margin:0 auto} .close-cta .btns{display:flex;gap:var(--s2);justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--s4)} /* Footer */ footer{background:var(--blue-darker);color:var(--ink-invert-soft);padding:var(--s7) 0 var(--s4)} .fgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:var(--s5) var(--s4)} @media(max-width:1000px){.fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}} @media(max-width:600px){.fgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .fgrid h4{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.15em;text-transform:uppercase; color:#fff;margin:0 0 var(--s3)} .fgrid ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:14px;line-height:2} .fgrid a{text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--dur)} .fgrid a:hover{color:var(--gold)} .fbrand p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;margin:var(--s3) 0} .fcreds{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--s2) var(--s3);border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);margin:var(--s6) 0 var(--s3);padding:var(--s3) 0; font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#D8E2ED} .fbot{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:var(--s2);font-size:13px} .fbot ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--s3);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0} /* Notes + reveal */ .note{background:#FFF9E8;border:1px solid #E8D9A0;border-left:3px solid var(--gold); border-radius:4px;padding:14px 18px;font-size:13.5px;color:#6B5410;margin:var(--s4) 0;line-height:1.6} .protobar{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;font-size:13px;padding:11px 20px;text-align:center} .protobar b{color:var(--gold)} .rv{opacity:0;transform:translateY(24px);transition:opacity .7s var(--ease),transform .7s var(--ease)} .rv.in{opacity:1;transform:none} @media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{animation:none!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important} .rv{opacity:1;transform:none}.arc{stroke-dashoffset:0!important}} /* ===== MAC logo lockup — the only addition to the original scheme ===== */ .logo-mark{ width:46px;height:46px;flex:none;object-fit:contain; border:0!important;border-radius:0!important;background:none!important; padding:0;display:block; } .logo{gap:14px} @media(max-width:520px){.logo-mark{width:38px;height:38px}} .vmpointer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:var(--s5);align-items:center; border:1px solid var(--n-100);border-left:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:var(--r); padding:var(--s5);background:var(--n-25)} @media(max-width:820px){.vmpointer{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .vmpointer h2{margin-bottom:var(--s2)} .xrefline a{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;gap:7px; align-items:center;transition:gap var(--dur) var(--ease),color var(--dur)} .xrefline a:hover{gap:12px;color:var(--gold)} /* ============ VMV v3 — editorial, formal icon system, semantic headings ============ */ .ghost{position:absolute;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:400;line-height:1; font-size:clamp(180px,26vw,340px);color:var(--ink);opacity:.028;pointer-events:none; right:-.06em;top:-.16em;letter-spacing:-.04em;user-select:none} .dark .ghost{color:#fff;opacity:.045} .hasghost{position:relative;overflow:hidden} /* progress rail */ .rail{position:fixed;left:26px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:60; display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:16px} @media(max-width:1400px){.rail{display:none}} .rail a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;font-size:10px; font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--n-400); transition:color var(--dur)} .rail i{width:16px;height:1px;background:var(--n-200);font-style:normal;display:block; transition:width var(--dur) var(--ease),background var(--dur)} .rail a:hover,.rail a.on{color:var(--ink)} .rail a:hover i,.rail a.on i{width:34px;background:var(--gold)} /* index strip */ .index{border-top:1px solid var(--n-200);border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-200); padding:var(--s3) 0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:var(--s2) var(--s6)} .index a{text-decoration:none;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.18em; text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--n-600);display:inline-flex;gap:10px;align-items:baseline; transition:color var(--dur)} .index a em{font-family:var(--display);font-style:normal;font-size:14px;color:var(--gold)} .index a:hover{color:var(--ink)} /* statement blocks */ .stmt{position:relative;z-index:1} .stmt-mark{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--s3);margin-bottom:var(--s2)} .stmt-num{font-family:var(--display);font-size:15px;letter-spacing:.2em;color:var(--gold)} .stmt-kicker{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--n-600)} .dark .stmt-kicker{color:#93A6BC} .stmt h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(30px,3.2vw,42px); letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:0 0 var(--s4);padding-bottom:var(--s4); border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink)} .dark .stmt h2{border-bottom-color:rgba(255,255,255,.28)} .stmt-lede{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(22px,2.5vw,31px); line-height:1.34;letter-spacing:-.012em;color:var(--ink);max-width:26ch;margin:0 0 var(--s5); padding-left:var(--s4);border-left:2px solid var(--gold)} .stmt-body{columns:2;column-gap:var(--s7);max-width:980px} @media(max-width:860px){.stmt-body{columns:1}} .stmt-body p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:16.5px;margin:0 0 var(--s2);break-inside:avoid} .stmt-foot{margin-top:var(--s4);padding-top:var(--s3);border-top:1px solid var(--n-100);font-size:14.5px} .stmt-foot a{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex;gap:7px; align-items:center;transition:gap var(--dur) var(--ease),color var(--dur)} .stmt-foot a:hover{gap:12px;color:var(--gold)} /* service scope band — the formal icon system */ .scope{margin:var(--s6) 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--n-200);padding-top:var(--s4)} .scope-label{font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--n-600);margin-bottom:var(--s4)} .scopegrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr);gap:var(--s2)} @media(max-width:1100px){.scopegrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:var(--s3) var(--s2)}} @media(max-width:640px){.scopegrid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} .scopeitem{text-align:left;padding-top:var(--s2);border-top:1px solid var(--n-100); transition:border-color var(--dur)} .scopeitem:hover{border-top-color:var(--gold)} .scopeitem svg{width:26px;height:26px;stroke:var(--blue);fill:none;stroke-width:1.25; stroke-linecap:square;stroke-linejoin:miter;margin-bottom:12px;transition:stroke var(--dur)} .scopeitem:hover svg{stroke:var(--gold)} .scopeitem span{display:block;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.11em; text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.4} .scopeitem em{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:12.5px;color:var(--n-600); margin-top:4px;letter-spacing:0;text-transform:none;font-weight:400} /* belief */ .belief{max-width:920px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:1} .belief-kicker{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.22em;text-transform:uppercase; color:#93A6BC;margin-bottom:var(--s4)} .belief h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:400;font-size:clamp(34px,5.6vw,66px); line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.025em;color:#fff;margin:0 0 var(--s4);border:0;padding:0} .beliefrule{width:0;height:1px;background:var(--gold);margin:0 auto var(--s5); transition:width 1s var(--ease)} .belief.in .beliefrule{width:200px} .belief-body{columns:2;column-gap:var(--s7);text-align:left;max-width:880px;margin:0 auto} @media(max-width:820px){.belief-body{columns:1}} .belief-body p{color:var(--ink-invert-soft);margin:0 0 var(--s2);font-size:16px;break-inside:avoid} /* values */ .vhead{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 340px;gap:var(--s5);align-items:end; padding-bottom:var(--s4);border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink);margin-bottom:var(--s2)} @media(max-width:900px){.vhead{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .vhead h2{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,40px); margin:0;border:0;padding:0} .vrow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:96px 1fr 320px;gap:var(--s5); padding:var(--s5) 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100);align-items:start; transition:background var(--dur)} .vrow:hover{background:var(--n-25)} @media(max-width:1000px){.vrow{grid-template-columns:70px 1fr;gap:var(--s3) var(--s4)} .vrow .cost{grid-column:2}} @media(max-width:600px){.vrow{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--s2)}.vrow .cost{grid-column:1}} .vnum{font-family:var(--display);font-size:38px;color:var(--n-200);line-height:1; letter-spacing:-.03em;transition:color var(--dur)} .vrow:hover .vnum{color:var(--gold)} .vrow h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:27px;letter-spacing:-.015em; margin:0 0 12px;color:var(--ink)} .vtext{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:16.5px;margin:0;max-width:56ch} .cost{border-top:1px solid var(--ink);padding-top:14px} .cost b{display:block;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:8px} .cost p{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink);margin:0;line-height:1.6} /* check grid */ .xgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--n-200)} @media(max-width:820px){.xgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .xcard{padding:var(--s5) var(--s5) var(--s5) 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100); text-decoration:none;display:block;transition:background var(--dur)} .xcard:nth-child(odd){border-right:1px solid var(--n-100);padding-right:var(--s6)} @media(max-width:820px){.xcard:nth-child(odd){border-right:0;padding-right:0}.xcard{padding-left:0}} .xcard:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .xcard .xnum{font-family:var(--display);font-size:13px;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:.18em; display:block;margin-bottom:12px} .xcard h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:21px;margin-bottom:10px;color:var(--ink)} .xcard p{font-size:15px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0 0 14px;max-width:48ch} .xcard .go{font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--blue);display:inline-flex;gap:8px;align-items:center; transition:gap var(--dur) var(--ease),color var(--dur)} .xcard:hover .go{gap:14px;color:var(--gold)} /* ---- Service page template ---- */ .urgent{background:#0A2540;border-left:3px solid var(--gold);border-radius:var(--r); padding:var(--s5);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;gap:var(--s5);align-items:center} @media(max-width:820px){.urgent{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .urgent h2{color:#fff;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(22px,2.4vw,30px); margin:0 0 10px;border:0;padding:0} .urgent p{color:var(--ink-invert-soft);margin:0;font-size:16px;max-width:60ch} .situations{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:1px;background:var(--n-100); border:1px solid var(--n-100)} @media(max-width:820px){.situations{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .sit{background:var(--n-0);padding:var(--s4);transition:background var(--dur)} .sit:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .sit q{font-style:normal;font-family:var(--display);font-size:19px;color:var(--ink);line-height:1.35; display:block;margin-bottom:8px;quotes:'"' '"'} .sit p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0} .subsvc{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0;border-top:2px solid var(--ink)} @media(max-width:900px){.subsvc{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .sub{padding:var(--s5) var(--s5) var(--s5) 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100)} .sub:nth-child(odd){border-right:1px solid var(--n-100);padding-right:var(--s6)} @media(max-width:900px){.sub:nth-child(odd){border-right:0;padding-right:0}.sub{padding-left:0}} .sub .sn{font-family:var(--display);font-size:13px;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:.18em; display:block;margin-bottom:12px} .sub h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:22px;margin:0 0 10px} .sub p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15.5px;margin:0 0 var(--s2);max-width:52ch} .sub ul{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.8} .sub li{padding-left:16px;position:relative} .sub li::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;top:13px;width:7px;height:1px;background:var(--gold)} .approach{display:grid;grid-template-columns:76px 1fr;gap:var(--s4);padding:var(--s4) 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100);align-items:start} @media(max-width:600px){.approach{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--s2)}} .approach .an{font-family:var(--display);font-size:28px;color:var(--n-200);line-height:1} .approach h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:21px;margin:0 0 8px} .approach p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:16px;margin:0;max-width:62ch} .authorities{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:1px;background:var(--n-100); border:1px solid var(--n-100)} @media(max-width:900px){.authorities{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}} @media(max-width:520px){.authorities{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .auth{background:var(--n-0);padding:var(--s4) var(--s3);transition:background var(--dur)} .auth:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .auth strong{display:block;font-family:var(--display);font-size:21px;color:var(--ink); margin-bottom:6px;font-weight:500} .auth span{font-size:13px;color:var(--ink-soft);line-height:1.5;display:block} .notices{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px} .notices th{text-align:left;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase; color:#93A6BC;padding:0 20px 14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)} .notices td{padding:16px 20px 16px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);vertical-align:top; color:#C3D2E2} .notices td:first-child{color:#fff;font-weight:600;width:220px} .notices tr:hover td{background:rgba(255,255,255,.035)} @media(max-width:820px){.notices th{display:none}.notices td{display:block;padding:5px 0;border:0} .notices td:first-child{padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1)}} .faq{max-width:900px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink)} .faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100)} .faq summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;padding:var(--s4) var(--s5) var(--s4) 0; font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:20px;color:var(--ink);position:relative} .faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none} .faq summary:hover{color:var(--blue)} .faq summary::after{content:"";position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;width:10px;height:10px; border-right:1.5px solid var(--n-400);border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--n-400); transform:translateY(-70%) rotate(45deg);transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)} .faq details[open] summary::after{transform:translateY(-30%) rotate(-135deg);border-color:var(--gold)} .faq details p{margin:0 0 var(--s4);color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:16.5px;max-width:72ch} .related{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:0;border-top:1px solid var(--n-200)} @media(max-width:860px){.related{grid-template-columns:1fr}} .rel{padding:var(--s4) var(--s4) var(--s4) 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--n-100); text-decoration:none;display:block;transition:background var(--dur)} .rel:not(:last-child){border-right:1px solid var(--n-100)} @media(max-width:860px){.rel{border-right:0!important;padding-left:0}} .rel:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .rel span{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--gold);display:block;margin-bottom:10px} .rel h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:19px;margin:0 0 8px;color:var(--ink)} .rel p{font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink-soft);margin:0} .closing{margin-top:var(--s5);padding-left:var(--s4);border-left:2px solid var(--gold); font-size:18px;color:var(--ink);max-width:66ch} .tok{background:#FFF4D6;border:1px dashed #D6B84A;color:#7A5E12;font-size:12px;padding:2px 8px; border-radius:2px;font-weight:600} /* Corporate page additions */ .filings{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px} .filings th{text-align:left;font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase; color:#93A6BC;padding:0 22px 14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25)} .filings td{padding:17px 22px 17px 0;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);vertical-align:top; color:#C3D2E2} .filings td:first-child{color:#fff;font-weight:600;width:250px} .filings tr:hover td{background:rgba(255,255,255,.035)} .filings .formref{display:block;font-weight:400;font-size:11.5px;color:#93A6BC;margin-top:3px} .credit{padding:var(--s5);border:1px solid var(--n-200);border-left:3px solid var(--gold); 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transition:background var(--dur)} .veh:not(:last-child){border-right:1px solid var(--n-100)} @media(max-width:900px){.veh{border-right:0!important;padding-left:0}} .veh:hover{background:var(--n-25)} .veh .vn{font-family:var(--display);font-size:13px;color:var(--gold);letter-spacing:.18em; display:block;margin-bottom:12px} .veh h3{font-family:var(--display);font-weight:500;font-size:22px;margin:0 0 10px} .veh > p{color:var(--ink-soft);font-size:15.5px;margin:0 0 var(--s3);max-width:44ch} .veh dl{margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--n-100);padding-top:var(--s2)} .veh dt{font-size:10px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase; color:var(--n-600);margin-bottom:4px} .veh dd{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:14.5px;color:var(--ink)} .veh dd:last-child{margin-bottom:0} .nav-item{position:relative} .nav-item>a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px} .nav-caret{width:9px;height:6px;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.6; stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;opacity:.6;transition:transform var(--dur) var(--ease)} .nav-item:hover .nav-caret,.nav-item:focus-within .nav-caret{transform:rotate(180deg)} .mega{ position:absolute;top:100%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,6px);width:280px; 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